Concentration:The concentration of the wanted minerals is increased in a number of ways, based on the relative physical and surface chemical properties of the mineral and the gangue.(Concentration)
Gravity concentration :Historically, the particles can be classified based on their specific gravity, during earlier period.
The processes can be classified as either dense medium separation or gravity separation.(Concentration) The gravity separation does not use a dense medium to operate. Dense medium separation can be performed with a variety of mediums such as organic liquids, aqueous solutions, suspensions in water and suspensions in air. Of these, most
industrial processes use suspensions in water. The organic liquids are not used due to their toxicity and difficulties in handling. The aqueous solution as a dense medium is used in coal processing in the form of a belknap wash and the suspension in air is used in water-deficient areas, like china, where sand is used to separate coal from the gangue minerals. The dense medium separation is also classified as absolute gravity separation as the sinks and the floats travel in different directions. (Concentration) The gravity separation is also called as relative gravity separation, as they separate particles due to their differences in the magnitude of the particle response to a driving force.
These processes can also be classified into multi-G and single G processes. The difference is the magnitude of the driving force for the separation.(Concentration) Multi-G processes allow the separation of fine particles to occur and these particles can be in the range of 10 to 50 micron. The single G process is only capable of processing particles that are greater than 80 micron.
Of the gravity separation processes, the spiral separators are one of the most
economical due to their simplicity and use of space. They operate by flowing film separation and can either use washwater or be washwater-less. The washwater spirals separate particles more easily but can have issues with entrainment of gangue with the concentrate produced.
This process can be achieved by the following machineries:
- Mineral Jig
- Tables
- Spiral Concentrator
- Mineral Separator
- Vanner
- Heavy Media Cyclones
- Pre-concentrator
- Cross Belt Separator
- Hydro Cyclone
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